Restless Legs Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a medical disorder related to the nervous system that affects the legs and causes an uncontrollable urge to move them. Due to its effects, it interferes with sleep and is therefore also considered a sleep disorder.

The symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome include an uncomfortable feeling in the legs, which may sometimes also be felt in other parts of the body. This sensation can make the patient feel uneasy and may lead to itching or a “creepy-crawly” feeling, causing them to move their legs. If the patient tries to keep their legs still, the discomfort usually worsens. Sleep disturbance due to these uncomfortable sensations is also a common symptom of RLS.

The severity of symptoms can range from mild to intolerable. Symptoms may come and go, and their intensity can vary. Research suggests that symptoms tend to worsen during the evening and night, while they are usually less severe in the morning. However, this can vary from person to person.

Restless Legs Syndrome affects nearly 10% of the population in the United States and can occur in both men and women, although it is more common in women. Symptoms can begin at any age, including in children, but more severe cases are often seen in middle-aged or older individuals.

The exact cause of Restless Legs Syndrome is still unknown, but genetics are believed to play a role. Almost half of the patients with RLS have a family history of the condition. Certain chronic diseases and medical conditions—such as iron deficiency, kidney failure, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and peripheral neuropathy—are also associated with RLS.

Some medications may worsen symptoms in patients with RLS, including anti-nausea drugs, antipsychotic medications, cold and allergy medicines, and certain antidepressants. Women may also experience RLS symptoms during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester, although these symptoms usually disappear within a month after delivery.

Alcohol consumption and lack of sleep can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms. Improving sleep habits and reducing alcohol intake may help relieve symptoms.

There is no specific medical test to diagnose Restless Legs Syndrome. Doctors usually rely on symptoms, medical history, and blood tests to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment options are available to help manage RLS. Medications such as gabapentin (including brands like Gebantin, Neurontin, Gralise, and Horizant) are often used to reduce symptoms. Patients should always consult a doctor before starting any medication.